AC drive system of electric forklift Detailed _ the advantages of the AC drive

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An AC drive has become the mainstream of electric forklift driver
Electric forklift is an integrated technology, including electric drive system is one of the key technologies

for electric forklift. With the development of AC motor control technology and high power electronic devices,

the AC drive has gradually become the mainstream of the electric forklift driver. Vector control of induction

motor drive technology, the motor structure is simple,skid steer rock bucket
sturdy, and good control performance has been widely

used in vehicles-3/">electric vehicles.
Over the years, DC has been the main changes in power sources for electric warehouse handling equipment, and

DC drive as a cheaper drive way in a long time ago had been widely used in electrical equipment. However, the

DC system performance, maintenance, etc., there are some inherent flaws, while the AC and the AC motor in this

regard than in far better, so something big indoor handling equipment manufacturers have started to focus on

research and development of the exchange of technical applications.
In fact, since the end of the 19th century, the AC power is already widely accepted, skid steer loader attachments
is exactly what the AC

motor technology to promote the industrial, rail and other areas of the electrification process. Now,

application of communication technologies and el ectronic products has been everywhere, the exchange might have

become the most extensive testing and inspection and verification technology. Advantage of communication

technologies is mainly reflected in the following areas: high and low voltage conversion is simple; motor into

a strong and efficient, and can withstand the impact of the high current. The number of motor parts is greatly

reduced, and wear-free, durable; DC motor, the cost is reduced significantly. However, the AC motors in

battery-powered equipment such as forklift receive certain restrictions, for two main reasons: low system

voltage of 80V DC to AC conversion by high-energy semiconductor, the cost of the high ; the conversion process

itself consumes energy, the battery capacity is very limited. BT company has now developed a new series of AC

power reach forklifts - Reflex Aci. The new series forklifts overcome th e following issues to realize the full

potential of the exchange of technology, forklift operations to lower costs and significantly improve

performance and reliability.
Forklift several motor technology are described below.
Series DC motor. This is the oldest and most traditional motor. The current delivered to the battery and

transfers, and spread to the stator through the carbon brushes. In this way has two drawbacks: all the current

must be made through the transmission of carbon brushes, performance depends on physical size and wear of

carbon brushes. The most important thing is, this limits the braking performance of the play. In addition,

motor carbon brushes as wearing parts must be periodically replaced, otherwise it will greatly affect the

motor life. With this in mind, many manufacturers will be configured to detect the forklift wear and warning

devices, this device increases the cost of the forklift. The motor will heat the internal components, DC

motor, the heat is mainly generated in the motor, so most of the DC motor will be equipped with a fan for

cooling.
He wound motor. This is a more advanced DC motor, the stator and armature of the energy input. Series motor,

this technique has been applied for quite a long time. The new technology uses separate excitation and the

excitation field and armature, so that the motor performance control is much better than series motors. Such a

motor is often called four-quadrant motor, because it can travel in both directions of the front and rear and

brake. However, the motor carbon brush defects still exist.
Three-phase AC motor. Technically, this is the most simple structure of a motor. The principle is to be three

-phase alternating current fed to the fixed coil, to produce the voltage on the sho rted rotor of the rotating

magnetic field induction. AC motor no hairbrush, no DC motor is usually the limit on the maximum current,

which means that more students and greater braking torque motor can be obtained in actual use, so the faster

the speed of operation. AC motors, heat occurs mainly in the motor housing part of the fixed sub-coil, to

facilitate cooling and heat dissipation. If necessary, the rotor can be sealed. AC motor does not need regular

replacement of wearing parts, at the same time, it is efficient than the DC motor, durable, and less costly.
2, battery forklift application of appropriate measures of the exchange of technical
Battery forklift applications exchange of technology, there are two problems: low system voltage of 80V and

the corresponding higher current; energy loss in the DC-AC converter. Nevertheless, the exchange of power in

the forklift truck is sti ll gradually expanding. But most of the manufacturers of AC powered forklifts is a

variant of the DC forklift used in explosion-proof environment, the price is quite expensive. BT forklifts

series is different, it is not just using AC power, and application of a series of new design concepts, so

that the exchange of technical advantage to be fully reflected and development. To achieve this goal, we must

first solve three problems: to convert energy loss; hardware costs; manufacturing technology for low voltage

AC motors. Appropriate measures are as follows:
To balance the energy loss. The solution to convert energy loss to the forklift as a complete system, not just

focus on a component. Ultimately boils down to the energy loss in the flow of AC conversion is equivalent to

DC motor carbon brush part of the energy loss (AC motor no carbon brushes), this process can be achieved

through advanced electronic systems.
Reduce costs. The next second step is to maintain the hardware part of low-cost, this goal is ultimately

achieved through extensive testing to find the best type and number of semiconductor components, electronic

component prices continue to fall in this process a considerable help, while proved that the exchange of

technical strategic vision. However, the most important factor in vehicle design based on the tributary of the

AC motor high braking torque is the key. In fact, the braking capacity of the AC motor is equivalent to its

acceleration. Electrical braking by changing the driving direction. If the major and more powerful brakes, you

must use traditional brakes. Through careful study of the motor size, a lot stronger than the acceleration

torque is much greater braking torque, AC motor\\ s electric braking effect than DC motors.
Efficient braking means the brake system can be greatly simplified in the BT forklifts, ordinary vehicular

brake parking brake alternative. The driver through the brake pedal brake, or conversion traveling direction

of the brake, the motor will stall and produce the role of similar generators. This means that the brake

lining wear and tear to a minimum.
Energy recovery. AC motor driving and braking efficiency, brake, motor reverse rotation means that the

frequency of the alternating voltage is lower than the rotor frequency, and the motor discharge the role. The

brake is more intense, more renewable energy.
A forklift has two large electric motors, one for driving, one for the upgrade. Both can produce energy

regeneration. Typical reach forklift truck use, all the energy consumption can be divided into the following

sections: 50% used for driving; 4O% for the upgrade and other actions of the door frame with cargo defined;

10% for the steering, fans, etc.. Load to enhance energy consumption, energy can be recycled when the goods

with the fork down, field tests show that 19% of the total consumption of energy consumption when the load

upgrade.
Forklift series of BT\\ s energy regeneration priority for the moving part, because it can significantly consume

the largest part, and without increasing the complexity of the system, that is, without any increase in costs

can be achieved. Because of its high braking torque, almost all braking and produce energy born. Electrical

regenerative braking, but it must be strong when the brake may occur on some DC-powered forklifts, this also

means that part of the renewable energy converted into heat in the brake lining part. In almost all

circumstances, Aci will produc e energy regeneration, and the continuing role perfectly still until the

forklift. How much energy can be recovered it is impossible to be calculated, it depends on the usage, and

began to brake when the speed is a more reasonable figure is 10% ~ 15%, 5% of the the forklift overall energy

consumption to 7 %.
Improve performance. The recovered energy can not reasonably use, its benefits are limited. The easiest way is

to recharge the first battery to extend the use of time. Forklift series, BT this part of the energy used to

improve the overall performance of the forklift. The result is the maximum speed increased by 10%, a more

obvious role is reflected in the acceleration on.
In summary, the exchange of technology on the forklift, making the forklift performance of the overall

improvement of the fault and event replacement rate was significantly lower, reliability is greatly enhanc ed.

The client that reflects the higher productivity per unit time, lower operating and maintenance costs. The

exchange of technology on the battery forklift known as the future of technology is bound to get more and more

widely used.
Chinese electric forklift market potential is yet to be developed
Although in recent years the Chinese electric forklift sales increase every year, and achieved certain

results, but sales of electric vehicles has always been only about 20% of the total forklift sales, market

share of about 60% of Europe and the United States, Japan and other mature forklift market rate compared to

the significant gaps. The gap between means room for growth. Ownership of the Chinese electric vehicle market

is still in a relatively low magnitude, its very broad space for development. With the healthy awareness of

environmental protection for domestic users, i ncrease the national energy saving policy implementation

efforts, as well as medicine, food and many other higher forklift penetration rate in the industry to further

improve the vehicle environmental performance requirements, electric forklift market in China is bound to be

an unprecedented growth.
The core technology of electric forklifts is the \"electricity\", that is, motors, electronic control, battery,

AC technology more widely in recent years, making the contemporary electric forklifts have become increasingly

demanding technical level. Electric vehicles for its low power consumption, no pollution, convenient

operation, easy maintenance and other advantages is bound to be everywhere on the forklift truck market in

China. More noteworthy is that the future development of electric warehouse vehicles, will become a sudden

emergence of the trend is expected in t he next 3 to 5 years. It can be said that the Chinese forklift market

development, depends on the development of electric vehicles, in particular, depends on the development of

markets for electric warehouse vehicles.
In recent years the Chinese forklift industry is hot, is not only reflected in the domestic market has grown

rapidly, export business grew rapidly, one of the best evidence is the industry hot trend. Chinese forklift

exports going to the United States, Germany, France, Russia, Italy and other machinery manufacturing power

market. The one hand reflects the domestic forklift upgrade of the level of quality, mature markets in the

world has been recognized by the other hand, the domestic forklift, its a good price advantage in

international competition with high market competitiveness. Chinese forklift truck market, imported forklifts

and industrial trucks fitted wi th lifting or handling equipment in the first half of 2007, a total of 7349

units, with the same period in 2006, the 6702 increase of 9.65%, the varieties are listed imported forklift,

electric forklift main , indicating that the domestic market has a certain demand on the electric forklift.

Domestic production of electric forklift trucks for various reasons can not fully meet the needs of users of

electric forklift.
Storage vehicles, concrete electric track retrieval machine and electric trackless retrieval machine two

models. Both stacker is often used as a shelf replenishment in the warehouse stacker machines of the scope of

a storage vehicle. High quality storage and vehicle production is very limited, is bound to compensate for

this gap in the market through import channels. In addition, to the large-scale development trend of the

demand for internal combustion forklifts , container is a species of large forklift trucks. Import and export

trade have become increasingly frequent have a great relationship.
Forklift import situation, the supply gap, the Chinese market for electric forklift trucks, forklift

equipment, the storage of vehicles and large port container forklift.
4, AC power electric forklift development trends
Electric forklift power development trend of the exchange system. Hefei move ETS Technology has now launched a

number of electric forklift trucks with AC drive system. Its new dual-drive full exchange counterbalanced

battery forklift strengthen the performance of advanced AC drive system, the system provided by the

performance level of control with any product in the past. For example, AC power system provides power control

before the dual-drive full-exchange balance battery lift truck to be able to take full advantage of every

battery charge potential. So far, all electric forklifts have experienced a gradual decline in performance

with the battery power consumption. Before the dual-drive full-exchange balance battery lift truck because of

the power hold function, so the operator can enjoy the \"power\" strong momentum just after charging time than

existing forklift model of 40%.
Forklift exchange high-performance, high reliability, maintenance-free advantages, the world\\ s electric

forklift is converted to the exchange of technology from the DC technology, this trend is fully reflected in

the Chinese market, a lot of Chinese forklift plant in the development of AC forklifts . However, in this

area, China is still in its infancy, the country has several major forklift businesses to use the AC drive

system to produce electric forklift provided by the Danaher Motion company, and its series products ar e being

developed to trial in. The four 1.5t AC drive truck, Hefei move ETS Technology Development Co., Ltd. all ac

drive system is to start mass production. At present, the major forklift manufacturers have developed a new

development program of the AC drive forklift. With the forklift market in China gradually with the

international market, exchange drive forklift showing the momentum of the accelerated development of a huge

market potential, and prospects.
In short, the AC drive system as a forklift replacement technology, is bound to be more and more widely used.

This is called the 21st century the revolutionary technology of electric forklift, forklift technological

level of enterprises, product sales, market share, profits and even innovative image will have some impact.

After all, competition in the future reflected in more technical contest. Who has mastered the new t echnology,

who will be able to gain more advantage in the future market, occupying a more favorable position. Can be

predicted that the next five years, made in China will have half of the forklift exchanges. Technically

speaking, the more important trend is matched with the control technology development, the development

requirements of the power systems of electric forklift motor and electronic control.